Note: This blog post is based on Drupal 8.1.x. It is an updated version of a previous tutorial based on Drupal 8.0.x. While the concepts are largely the same as 8.0.x, a refactoring of the core migrate modules took place in Drupal 8.1.x (migrations will become plugins in 8.1.x). This updated tutorial updates the previous example to work with Drupal 8.1.x, as well as demonstrates how to specify a migration group and run the migration with Drush. If you’re familiar with the previous tutorial, you may want to skip to the “Rolling up our sleeves” section below.
Even if you’re only casually acquainted with Drupal 8, you probably know that the core upgrade path to Drupal 8 has been completely rewritten from the ground-up, using many of the concepts of the Migrate and Drupal-to-Drupal migration modules. Using the Migrate upgrade module, it is possible to migrate much of a Drupal 6 (or Drupal 7) site to Drupal 8 with a minimum of fuss (DrupalEasy.com is a prime example of this). “Migrate upgrade” is similar to previous Drupal core upgrade paths – there are no options to pick-and-choose what is to be migrated – it’s all-or-nothing. This blog post provides an example of how to migrate content from only a single, simple content type in a Drupal 6 site to a Drupal 8.1.x site, without writing any PHP code at all.
##Setting the table
First, some background information on how the Drupal 8 Migrate module is architected. The Migrate module revolves around three main concepts:
- Source plugins – these are plugins that know how to get the particular data to be migrated. Drupal’s core “Migrate” module only contains base-level source plugins, often extended by other modules. Most Drupal core modules provide their own source plugins that know how to query Drupal 6 and Drupal 7 databases for data they’re responsible for. For example, the Drupal 8 core “Node” module contains source plugins for Drupal 6 and Drupal 7 nodes, node revisions, node types, etc… Additionally, contributed and custom modules can provide additional source plugins for other CMSes (WordPress, Joomla, etc…), database types (Oracle, MSSQL, etc…), and data formats (CSV, XML, JSON, etc.)
- Process plugins – these are plugins designed to receive data from source plugins, then massage it into the proper form for the destination on a per-field basis. Multiple process plugins can be applied to a single piece of data. Drupal core provides various useful process plugins, but custom and contributed modules can easily implement their own.
- Destination plugins – these are plugins that know how to receive data from the process plugins and create the appropriate Drupal 8 “thing”. The Drupal 8 core “Migrate” module contains general-purpose destination plugins for configuration and content entities, while individual modules can extend that support where their data requires specialized processing.
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