Step 1: Create a Fixture
To quote the PHPUnit manual:
One of the most time-consuming parts of writing tests is writing the code to set the world up in a known state and then return it to its original state when the test is complete. This known state is called the fixture of the test.
In the case of testing a Drupal migration, the fixture is a database agnostic[1] representation of the data source to be migrated. According to the convention set out in core, the file should be created in the following location: modules/[module_name]/tests/fixtures and the file name should reference the version of Drupal core to which it applies, e.g. drupal7.php. It mainly consists of createTable() and insert() commands that form the dataset.
The db-tools.php command line application can be used to automate the creation of a fixture file. This was used in core to create the fixture files for the migrate_drupal module. To find out more, I recommend reading the drupal.org article entitled Generating database fixtures for D8 Migrate tests.
Alternatively you can write the fixture file manually – if doing so, core/modules/migrate_drupal/tests/fixtures/drupal7.php is a good point of reference.
Here is an (admittedly convoluted) example of a fixture file:
/**
* @file
* A database agnostic dump for testing purposes.
*/
use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;
$connection = Database::getConnection();
$connection->schema()->createTable('example', array(
'fields' => array(
'id' => array(
'type' => 'serial',
'not null' => TRUE,
),
'name' => array(
'type' => 'varchar',
'not null' => TRUE,
'length' => '255',
'default' => '',
),
'weight' => array(
'type' => 'int',
'not null' => TRUE,
'default' => '0',
),
),
'primary key' => array(
'id',
),
'mysql_character_set' => 'utf8',
));
$connection->insert('example')
->fields(array(
'id',
'name',
'weight',
))
->values(array(
'id' => '1',
'name' => 'General discussion',
'weight' => '2',
))
->values(array(
'id' => '2',
'name' => 'Term1',
'weight' => '0',
))
->execute();
The snippet above creates one table (example) containing 3 fields (id, name, weight) and then inserts two records into it. Depending on the complexity of the test, a fixture file could include any number of tables each containing enough rows to cater for each facet that needs to be tested.
Step 2: Create the test file
This is the file that will contain the method to set up and run the test(s).
The file structure of test files is important, our example would be created in modules/[module_name]/tests/src/Kernel/Migrate/d7. It is located in the Kernel directory because it is a functional test – this is explained in more details in the drupal.org Automated tests article. It is then organised into the Migrate directory (obviously because it is a migration test). For more details on the location of test files read the drupal.org article on PHPUnit file structure, namespace, and required metadata.
The file name (and contained class) should end in “Test” and for migration tests should begin with “Migrate” (according to Drupal core convention). In our example the file will be called MigrateExampleTest.php and will initially contain the following:
namespace Drupal\Tests\example\Kernel\Migrate\d7;
use Drupal\Tests\migrate_drupal\Kernel\MigrateDrupalTestBase;
/**
* Tests 'example' migration.
*
* @group example
*/
class MigrateExampleTest extends MigrateDrupalTestBase {
static $modules = ['example'];
/**
* {@inheritdoc}
*/
protected function setUp() {
parent::setUp();
}
/**
* Test 'example' migration from Drupal 7 to 8.
*/
public function testExample() {
}
}
The class name should match the file name, in this case MigrateExampleTest. A straightforward test class should extend MigrateDrupalTestBase, but a more complicated test class could extend MigrateDrupal7TestBase which provides access to the migrate_drupal fixture including a well-populated database.
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