Implementation
If you wanted to customize URLs in Drupal 7, you could use the Pathauto module. You can still do that in Drupal 8, but D8’s routing system can be coaxed into doing something similar. It works on admin pages, too, which was perfect for NCYL’s needs.
Overriding Existing Node Paths
As an example, let’s say you have a node type specifically for storing information about schools: a School Node. The standard admin path for adding a School Node would be something like this:
/node/add/school
But, add a custom module with route configuration and you can have this:
/school/add
For simplicity, we’ll call our module school.module. The directory structure looks like this:
modules/
school/
school.module
school.routing.yml
The route configuration sits inside school.routing.yml and looks like this:
school.add:
path: '/school/add'
defaults:
_controller: '\Drupal\node\Controller\NodeController::add'
_title: 'Add School'
node_type: 'school'
requirements:
_node_add_access: 'node:school'
Line by line:
school.add:
This is the name of the route. Route names should be unique and usually start with the name of your module.
path: '/school/add'
The path the route points to. This is the part that comes after your site’s base URL.
_controller: '\Drupal\node\Controller\NodeController::add'
This tells the route to use the NodeController, provided by the Node module. No need for a custom controller here.
_title: 'Add School'
This sets the page title of the node add form.
_node_add_access: 'node:school'
This is an access handler that ensures the user has permission to add a node of type “school.”
Providing a custom path to edit School Nodes is even easier:
school.edit:
path: '/school/{node}/edit'
defaults:
_entity_form: 'node.edit'
requirements:
node: \d+
_entity_access: 'node.update'
We no longer need to tell the route which controller to use or what type of node we’re using. Drupal 8’s Entity API figures it out using the node ID passed in the URL.
Line by line again:
path: '/school/{node}/edit'
The path now contains a placeholder, {node}, which represents the node ID in the URL.
_entity_form: 'node.edit'
The form we want to use to edit the node.
node: \d+
Some validation to ensure the URL contains the right data type for a node ID. By specifying the regular expression pattern \d+, we are telling Drupal to only use this route when {node} is one or more digits. The route will match a URL like /school/32/edit, but will not match /school/lincoln-high/edit.
_entity_access: 'node.update'
An access handler, ensuring the user has permission to update this node. No need to specify the node type, as we did when adding a node.
Finally, a route for viewing the node:
school.view:
path: '/school/{node}'
defaults:
_controller: '\Drupal\node\Controller\NodeViewController::view'
requirements:
node: \d+
_entity_access: 'node.view'
Very similar to the node edit route, just with a different path and controller.
For a more thorough explanation of routes and route options not covered here, check out the official docs.
Custom Controllers
What if you want to provide a custom controller for adding a node and still take advantage of Drupal’s permissions system? Routes can do that, too.
Let’s introduce a Teacher Node and an accompanying module.
modules/
school/
teacher/
src/
Controller/
TeacherController.php
teacher.module
teacher.routing.yml
teacher.routing.yml looks like this:
teacher.add:
path: '/teacher/add'
defaults:
_controller: '\Drupal\teacher\Controller\TeacherController::addTeacher'
_title: 'Add Teacher'
node_type: 'teacher'
requirements:
_node_add_access: 'node:teacher'
Very similar to the route we used to add School Nodes, but with a custom controller.
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